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Preparation of PTCDA one-dimensional nanostructures and modulation of their optical properties

  • 1.

    National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China

  • 2.

    High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2014.12.006
  • Received Date: 18 February 2014
  • Accepted Date: 25 June 2014
  • Rev Recd Date: 25 June 2014
  • Publish Date: 30 December 2014
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) nanostructures were prepared on glass substrate in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system via physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible absorption spectra (UV-vis) and photoluminescence emission (PL) techniques were applied for the systematic characterizations of the morphologies and optical properties of those nanostructures. It was found that the morphologies of PTCDA nanostructures were mainly affected by substrate temperature (Ts) and the formation of single crystalline PTCDA nanorods and nanowires were correlated well with the traditional vapor-solid (VS) nucleation mechanism. XRD study indicated that only the α-PTCDA was formed regardless of the Ts. However, differences in size and crystallinity of the nanostructures caused a subsequent change in their optical properties.

    Abstract

    3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) nanostructures were prepared on glass substrate in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system via physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. Scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible absorption spectra (UV-vis) and photoluminescence emission (PL) techniques were applied for the systematic characterizations of the morphologies and optical properties of those nanostructures. It was found that the morphologies of PTCDA nanostructures were mainly affected by substrate temperature (Ts) and the formation of single crystalline PTCDA nanorods and nanowires were correlated well with the traditional vapor-solid (VS) nucleation mechanism. XRD study indicated that only the α-PTCDA was formed regardless of the Ts. However, differences in size and crystallinity of the nanostructures caused a subsequent change in their optical properties.
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    • References(29)
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    Bulovic V, Forrest S R. Study of localized and extended excitons in 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).2. Photocurrent response at low electric fields [J]. Chem Phys, 1996, 210(1-2): 13-25.
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    [23]
    Mobus M, Karl N. The growth of organic thin-films on silicon substrates studied by X-ray reflectometry [J]. Thin Solid Films, 1992, 215(2): 213-217.
    [24]
    Mobus M, Karl N. Structure of perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride thin-films on alkali-halide crystal substrates [J]. J Cryst Growth, 1992, 116: 495-504.
    [25]
    Bulovic V, Burrows P E, Forrest S R, et al. Study of localized and extended excitons in 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).1. Spectroscopic properties of thin films and solutions [J]. Chem Phys, 1996, 210(1-2): 1-12.
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    Heutz S, Ferguson A J, Rumbles G, et al. Morphology, structure and photophysics of thin films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride [J]. Org Electron, 2002, 3(3-4): 119-127.
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    Kwong C Y, Djurisic A B, Roy V L, et al. Influence of the substrate temperature to the performance of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum based organic light emitting diodes [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2004, 458(1-2): 281-286.
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    Brinkmann M, Biscarini F, Taliani C, et al. Growth of mesoscopic correlated droplet patterns by high-vacuum sublimation [J]. Phys Rev B, 2000, 61(24): 16 339-16 342.
    [29]
    Higginson K A, Zhang X M, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Thermal and morphological effects on the hydrolytic stability of aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) [J]. Chem Mater, 1998, 10(4): 1 017-1 020.
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    [1]
    Xiao J C, Yang B, Wong J I, et al. Synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and physical properties of 11-methylbenzo[d]pyreno[4,5-b]furan [J]. Organic Letters, 2011, 13(12): 3 004-3 007.
    [2]
    Byon H R, Kim S, Choi H C. Label-free biomolecular detection using carbon nanotube field effect transistors [J]. Nano, 2008, 3(6): 415-431.
    [3]
    Reese C, Bao Z N. Organic single-crystal field-effect transistors [J]. Mater Today, 2007, 10(3): 20-27.
    [4]
    Huang S, Efstathiadis H, Haldar P. Fabrication of nanorod arrays for organic solar cell applications [J]. Materials for Photovoltaics, 2005, 836: 49-53.
    [5]
    Zhao Y S, Zhan P, Kim J, et al. Patterned growth of vertically aligned organic nanowire waveguide arrays [J]. Acs Nano, 2010, 4(3): 1 630-1 636.
    [6]
    Peng A D, Xiao D B, Ma Y, et al. Tunable emission from doped 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline organic nanoparticles [J]. Adv Mater, 2005, 17(17): 2 070-2 077.
    [7]
    Zhao Y S, Wu J S, Huang J X. Vertical organic nanowire arrays: Controlled synthesis and chemical sensors [J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131(9): 3 158-3 159.
    [8]
    An B K, Kwon S K, Jung S D, et al. Enhanced emission and its switching in fluorescent organic nanoparticles [J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2002, 124(48): 14 410-14 415.
    [9]
    Tian Y, He Q, Tao C, et al. Fabrication of fluorescent nanotubes basel on layer-by-layer assembly via covalent bond [J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22(1): 360-362.
    [10]
    Minder N A, Ono S, Chen Z H, et al. Band-like electron transport in organic transistors and implication of the molecular structure for performance optimization [J]. Adv Mater, 2012, 24(4): 503-508.
    [11]
    Kim D H, Lee D Y, Lee H S, et al. High-mobility organic transistors based on single-crystalline microribbons of triisopropylisilylethynl pentacene via solution-phase self-assembly [J]. Adv Mater, 2007, 19(5): 678-682.
    [12]
    Yang F, Forrest S R. Photocurrent generation in nanostructured organic solar cells [J]. Acs Nano, 2008, 2(5): 1 022-1 032.
    [13]
    Ogawa T, Kuwamoto K, Isoda S, et al. 3,4: 9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) by electron crystallography [J]. Acta Crystallogr B, 1999, 55: 123-130.
    [14]
    Bulovic V, Forrest S R. Study of localized and extended excitons in 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).2. Photocurrent response at low electric fields [J]. Chem Phys, 1996, 210(1-2): 13-25.
    [15]
    Hoffmann M, Schmidt K, Fritz T, et al. The lowest energy Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in quasi-one-dimensional structures: Application to MePTCDI and PTCDA crystals [J]. Chem Phys, 2000, 258(1): 73-96.
    [16]
    Suen S C, Whang W T, Hou F J, et al. Growth enhancement and field emission characteristics of one-dimensional 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride nanostructures on pillared titanium substrate [J]. Org Electron, 2007, 8(5): 505-512.
    [17]
    Sladek K, Winden A, Wirths S, et al. Comparison of InAs nanowire conductivity: Influence of growth method and structure [J]. Phys Status Solidi C, 2012, 9(2): 230-234.
    [18]
    Li C, Fang G J, Fu Q, et al. Effect of substrate temperature on the growth and photoluminescence properties of vertically aligned ZnO nanostructures [J]. J Cryst Growth, 2006, 292(1): 19-25.
    [19]
    Ding Shulong. Synthesis of one dimensional ZnO nanostructures [D]. Xiangtan：Xiangtan University, 2005.
    丁书龙. ZnO一维纳米材料的制备 [D]. 湘潭：湘潭大学, 2005.
    [20]
    Han Yuyan, Cao Liang, Xu Faqiang, et al. Preparation and investigation on the formation mechanisms of organic single crystal nanostructures of PTCDA[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61: 078103.
    韩玉岩，曹亮，徐法强，等. 苝四甲酸二酐有机单晶纳米结构的制备及形成机理的研究[J].物理学报，2012，61：078103.
    [21]
    Dubrovskii V G, Sibirev N V, Cirlin G E, et al. Gibbs-Thomson and diffusion-induced contributions to the growth rate of Si, InP, and GaAs nanowires [J]. Phys Rev B, 2009, 79(20): 205316.
    [22]
    Ferguson A J, Jones T S. Photophysics of PTCDA and Me-PTCDI thin films: Effects of growth temperature [J]. J Phys Chem B, 2006, 110(13): 6 891-6 898.
    [23]
    Mobus M, Karl N. The growth of organic thin-films on silicon substrates studied by X-ray reflectometry [J]. Thin Solid Films, 1992, 215(2): 213-217.
    [24]
    Mobus M, Karl N. Structure of perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride thin-films on alkali-halide crystal substrates [J]. J Cryst Growth, 1992, 116: 495-504.
    [25]
    Bulovic V, Burrows P E, Forrest S R, et al. Study of localized and extended excitons in 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA).1. Spectroscopic properties of thin films and solutions [J]. Chem Phys, 1996, 210(1-2): 1-12.
    [26]
    Heutz S, Ferguson A J, Rumbles G, et al. Morphology, structure and photophysics of thin films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride [J]. Org Electron, 2002, 3(3-4): 119-127.
    [27]
    Kwong C Y, Djurisic A B, Roy V L, et al. Influence of the substrate temperature to the performance of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum based organic light emitting diodes [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2004, 458(1-2): 281-286.
    [28]
    Brinkmann M, Biscarini F, Taliani C, et al. Growth of mesoscopic correlated droplet patterns by high-vacuum sublimation [J]. Phys Rev B, 2000, 61(24): 16 339-16 342.
    [29]
    Higginson K A, Zhang X M, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Thermal and morphological effects on the hydrolytic stability of aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) [J]. Chem Mater, 1998, 10(4): 1 017-1 020.
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