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考虑逆向选择和道德风险时风险规避供应链的商业信用合同

Trade credit contracting in a risk-averse supply chain under adverse selection and moral hazard

  • 摘要: 作为整合和协调物流、信息流和资金流的有效工具,商业信用在供应链管理中得到越来越广泛的应用。我们探讨了规避风险的零售商隐藏其销售成本信息(逆向选择)和其销售努力水平(道德风险)时制造商如何设计最优的商业信用合同问题。为此,我们在逆向选择和道德风险共存(即双重信息非对称)情形下构建风险规避供应链的激励模型,并将其与单一信息不对称(道德风险)下的结果进行了比较。此外,我们分析了私有信息和风险规避系数对合同参数、销售努力水平和供应链利润或效用的影响。研究表明,当零售商的风险规避程度在一定范围内时,制造商可以通过设计合理的商业信用合同以有效地诱导零售商报告其真实销售成本,并鼓励其做出适当的努力。此外,我们发现,在双重信息不对称下,最优商业信用期、最优转移支付和零售商的最优销售努力水平均低于单一信息不对称下的情形。最后通过数值分析验证参数对决策和利润的影响。

     

    Abstract: Trade credit, as an effective tool for integrating and coordinating material, information, and financial flows in supply chain management, is becoming increasingly widespread. We explore how a manufacturer can design optimal trade credit contracts when a risk-averse retailer hides its sales cost information (adverse selection) and selling effort level (moral hazard). We develop incentive models for a risk-averse supply chain when adverse selection and moral hazard coexist, which are then compared with the results under single information asymmetry (moral hazard). Moreover, we analyze the effects of private information and risk-aversion coefficient on contract parameters, selling effort level and the profit or utility of the supply chain. The study shows that when the degree of retailer’s risk aversion is within a certain range, reasonable trade credit contracts designed by the manufacturer can effectively induce the retailer to report its real sales cost and encourage it to exert appropriate effort. Furthermore, we find that the optimal trade credit period, optimal transfer payment, and retailer’s optimal sales effort level under dual information asymmetry are less than those under single information asymmetry. Numerical analysis are conducted to demonstrate the effects of the parameters on decisions and profits.

     

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