Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the anxiety and depression status and influencing factors of diabetic patients with or without retinopathy. A total of 225 diabetic patients of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled in the study, including 97 patients with retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy group, DR group) and 128 patients without retinopathy (non-diabetic retinopathy group, NDR group). The patient's general data were collected by questionnaire, and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to assess the incidence and scores of anxiety and depression. The incidence and scores of anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of anxiety and depression status were evaluated. The results show that the incidence of anxiety and depression in DR group was higher than that in NDR group (anxiety: χ2=13.049, P<0.001; depression: χ2=13.049, P<0.001); and the scores of anxiety and depression in DR group were higher than those in NDR group (anxiety: t=-6.628, P<0.001; depression: t=-4.599, P<0.001). A univariate analysis reveals that gender, age, diabetes duration, monthly income, understanding of their own condition, understanding that diabetes can cause retinopathy, visual acuity, and ophthalmology were the influencing factors of anxiety scores in diabetic patients (t/F=-3.795, 4.364, -7.079, 5.213, 3.117, 4.702, 20.793, 5.087, P<0.05). Gender, diabets duration, monthly income, understanding that diabetes can cause retinopathy, visual acuity, and ophthalmology were the influencing factors of depression scores in diabetic patients (t/F=-2.363, -5.162, 3.844, -2.707, 12.638, -2.586, P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that gender, age, understanding of their condition, and visual acuity were the influencing factors of anxiety scores in diabetic patients. Gender and visual acuity were the influencing factors of depression score in diabetic patients. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of anxiety and depression than those without retinopathy. Gender, age, time of diabetes, monthly income, understanding of their own condition, and visual acuity were the influencing factors of anxiety and depression scores in diabetic patients. It is necessary to give corresponding intervention to these factors so as to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.