Abstract: China’s provinces vary greatly in the economic development, resource endowments, and science and technology levels, which leads the heterogeneity of production technology. A data envelopment analysis model is proposed based on the log-linear energy technology and meta-frontier method, which considers the heterogeneity of production technology. Energy performances of China’s 30 provinces during the 2006-2015 period were measured and causes of energy inefficiency were analyzed with the model. Empirical results indicate that, most of the provinces in China have great potential for energy efficiency improvement. It is also shown that the eastern region has the highest average annual energy efficiency while that of the western region is the lowest, with the central region somewhere in between. It is suggested to enhance management capabilities for the eastern provinces should be enhanced, improve both technology and management efficiency for central and western provinces, to improve their energy performances.