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Event-triggered sliding mode load frequency control for multi-area interconnected power systems under deception attacks

  • 1.

    School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710054, China

  • 2.

    Huaneng Chaohu Power Generation Co. LTD, Chaohu 238000, China

  • 3.

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China

  • 4.

    School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

  • 5.

    Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China

Funds:  National Natural Science Foundation of China (61903296, 61903353, U2003110), and in part by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of the Central Universities (WK2100000013).
Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.52396/JUST-2020-0033
More Information
  • Author Bio:

    Bai Dandan is a graduate student with the Department of Power Grid Information and Control Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China. She received the BA. degree in Electrical Engineering and Automation from Yulin University, in 2019. Her research focuses on load frequency control.

    Baoren Sun is currently the chief engineer of the production department of Huaneng Chaohu Power Generation Co. LTD, and is responsible for the operation and maintenance technology management and production technology tackling of the boiler, fuel, ash removal, desulfurization, denitration and other specialties of the power production system.

    Wen Jiayan is currently an associate professor with the College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China. He received the B.S. degree in automation from Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China, in 2005, the M.S. degree in electrical machinery and apparatus from Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, in 2012 and the PhD degree in general mechanics and foundation of mechanics from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 2019. His research interests include multi-agent system, formation control, event-triggered control, autonomous vehicles, and cyber-physical systems.

    Wenjun Lv received the PhD degree in control science and engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China, in 2018. He is currently an Associate Research Fellow with the School of Information Science and Technology, USTC. His research interests include robotics, interpretable machine learning and their applications in exploration geophysics.

    Kun Li received the PhD degree in control science and engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China, in 2018. He is currently an Associate Research Fellow with Institute of Advanced Technology, USTC. His research interests include nonlinear control theory and its application, robot trajectory and attitude control, artificial intelligence theory and its application in industry.

  • Corresponding author: Liu Xinghua (Corresponding Author) is a professor with the Department of Power Grid Information and Control Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China. He received the PhD degree in Automation from University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, in 2014. From 2014 to 2015, he was invited as a visiting fellow at RMIT University in Melbourne. From 2015 to 2018, he was a Research Fellow with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His research focuses on state estimation and control of power systems, intelligent systems, autonomous vehicles, cyber-physical systems, robotic systems, etc. E-mail: liuxh@xaut.edu.cn
  • Publish Date: 31 January 2021
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    In this paper, the problem of sliding mode load frequency control (LFC) is probed for the multi-area interconnected power system under deception attacks. In the case of deception attacks, a Luenberger observer is designed to generate state estimation of the multi-area power systems. An event-triggered mechanism is introduced to reduce the frequency of controller updates and communication between nodes. Sufficient conditions are proposed to achieve asymptotical stability by utilizing sliding mode control and Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functional method. Then the sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the closed-loop system can be driven onto the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, the effectiveness of the design scheme is verified by a three-area interconnected power system.

    Abstract

    In this paper, the problem of sliding mode load frequency control (LFC) is probed for the multi-area interconnected power system under deception attacks. In the case of deception attacks, a Luenberger observer is designed to generate state estimation of the multi-area power systems. An event-triggered mechanism is introduced to reduce the frequency of controller updates and communication between nodes. Sufficient conditions are proposed to achieve asymptotical stability by utilizing sliding mode control and Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functional method. Then the sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure that the trajectory of the closed-loop system can be driven onto the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, the effectiveness of the design scheme is verified by a three-area interconnected power system.
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    • References(20)
  • [1]
    Anderson P M, Fouad A A, Happ H H. Power system control and stability. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2002, 15(2): 40.
    [2]
    Kumar P, Kothari D P. Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20(1): 346-357.
    [3]
    Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-hill, 1994.
    [4]
    Lu K, Zeng G, Luo X, et al. An adaptive resilient load frequency controller for smart grids with DoS attacks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(5): 4689-4699.
    [5]
    Hu Z, Liu S, Luo W, et al. Resilient distributed fuzzy load frequency regulation for power systems under cross-layer random denial-of-service attacks. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2020, (99): 1-11.
    [6]
    Tian E, Peng C. Memory-based event-triggering H1 load frequency control for power systems under deception attacks. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2020, 50(11): 4610-4618.
    [7]
    Liu J, Gu Y, Zha L, et al. Event-triggered H1 load frequency control for multiarea power systems under hybrid cyber attacks.IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics: Systems, 2019, 49(8): 1665-1678.
    [8]
    Peng C, Li J, Fei M. Resilient event-triggering load frequency control for multi-area power systems with energy-limited DoS attacks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(5): 4110-4118.
    [9]
    Chen C, Zhang K, Yuan K, et al. Novel detection scheme design considering cyber attacks on load frequency control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(5): 1932-1941.
    [10]
    Bansal K, Mukhija P. Aperiodic sampled-data control of distributed networked control systems under stochastic cyberattacks. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2020, 7(4): 1064-1073.
    [11]
    Tripathy N S, Chamanbaz M, Bouffanais R. Robust stabilization of resource limited networked control systems under denial-of-service attack. 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). Nice, France: IEEE, 2019: 7683-7689.
    [12]
    Corradini M L, Cristofaro A. Robust detection and reconstruction of state and sensor attacks for cyber-physical systems using sliding modes. IET Control Theory & Applications, 2017, 11(11): 1756-1766.
    [13]
    Huang X, Zhai D, Dong J. Adaptive integral sliding-mode control strategy of data-driven cyber-physical systems against a class of actuator attacks. IET Control Theory & Applications, 2017, 12(10): 1440-1447.
    [14]
    唐文秀, 奚文龙, 李志鹏,等. 基于滑模变结构和高增益状态观测器的直流电机位置控制.中国科学技术大学学报, 2018, 48(1):82-88.
    Tang W X, Xi H S, Li Z P, et al. Position control of DC-motor based on sliding mode variable structure and high-gain observer. J. Uiv. Sci. Tech. China, 2018, 48(1): 82-88.
    [15]
    康宇, 奚宏生, 季海波,等. 不确定多变量线性系统的快速收敛滑模变结构控制.中国科学技术大学学报, 2003(6): 91-98.
    Kang Y, Xi H S, Ji H B, et al. Fast terminal sliding mode control of uncertain multivariable linear systems. J. Uiv. Sci. Tech. China, 2003, 33(6): 91-98.
    [16]
    Jiang X, Mu X, Hu Z. Decentralized adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of nonlinear uncertain interconnected systems with multiple faults and DoS attack. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2020, (99): 1-1.
    [17]
    Yan S, Gu Z, Nguang S K, et al. Co-design of event-triggered scheme and H1 output control for Markov jump systems against deception attacks. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 106554-106563.
    [18]
    Liu X, Yu X, Ma G, et al. On sliding mode control for networked control systems with semi-Markovian switching and random sensor delays. Information Sciences, 2016, 337: 44-58.
    [19]
    Peng C, Yue D, Han Q L. Communication and Control for Networked Complex Systems. Heidelberg: Springer, 2015.
    [20]
    Park P, Ko J W, Jeong C. Reciprocally convex approach to stability of systems with time-varying delays. Automatica, 2011, 47(1): 235-238.
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    [1]
    Anderson P M, Fouad A A, Happ H H. Power system control and stability. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2002, 15(2): 40.
    [2]
    Kumar P, Kothari D P. Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20(1): 346-357.
    [3]
    Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-hill, 1994.
    [4]
    Lu K, Zeng G, Luo X, et al. An adaptive resilient load frequency controller for smart grids with DoS attacks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(5): 4689-4699.
    [5]
    Hu Z, Liu S, Luo W, et al. Resilient distributed fuzzy load frequency regulation for power systems under cross-layer random denial-of-service attacks. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2020, (99): 1-11.
    [6]
    Tian E, Peng C. Memory-based event-triggering H1 load frequency control for power systems under deception attacks. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2020, 50(11): 4610-4618.
    [7]
    Liu J, Gu Y, Zha L, et al. Event-triggered H1 load frequency control for multiarea power systems under hybrid cyber attacks.IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics: Systems, 2019, 49(8): 1665-1678.
    [8]
    Peng C, Li J, Fei M. Resilient event-triggering load frequency control for multi-area power systems with energy-limited DoS attacks. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(5): 4110-4118.
    [9]
    Chen C, Zhang K, Yuan K, et al. Novel detection scheme design considering cyber attacks on load frequency control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018, 14(5): 1932-1941.
    [10]
    Bansal K, Mukhija P. Aperiodic sampled-data control of distributed networked control systems under stochastic cyberattacks. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, 2020, 7(4): 1064-1073.
    [11]
    Tripathy N S, Chamanbaz M, Bouffanais R. Robust stabilization of resource limited networked control systems under denial-of-service attack. 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). Nice, France: IEEE, 2019: 7683-7689.
    [12]
    Corradini M L, Cristofaro A. Robust detection and reconstruction of state and sensor attacks for cyber-physical systems using sliding modes. IET Control Theory & Applications, 2017, 11(11): 1756-1766.
    [13]
    Huang X, Zhai D, Dong J. Adaptive integral sliding-mode control strategy of data-driven cyber-physical systems against a class of actuator attacks. IET Control Theory & Applications, 2017, 12(10): 1440-1447.
    [14]
    唐文秀, 奚文龙, 李志鹏,等. 基于滑模变结构和高增益状态观测器的直流电机位置控制.中国科学技术大学学报, 2018, 48(1):82-88.
    Tang W X, Xi H S, Li Z P, et al. Position control of DC-motor based on sliding mode variable structure and high-gain observer. J. Uiv. Sci. Tech. China, 2018, 48(1): 82-88.
    [15]
    康宇, 奚宏生, 季海波,等. 不确定多变量线性系统的快速收敛滑模变结构控制.中国科学技术大学学报, 2003(6): 91-98.
    Kang Y, Xi H S, Ji H B, et al. Fast terminal sliding mode control of uncertain multivariable linear systems. J. Uiv. Sci. Tech. China, 2003, 33(6): 91-98.
    [16]
    Jiang X, Mu X, Hu Z. Decentralized adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of nonlinear uncertain interconnected systems with multiple faults and DoS attack. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2020, (99): 1-1.
    [17]
    Yan S, Gu Z, Nguang S K, et al. Co-design of event-triggered scheme and H1 output control for Markov jump systems against deception attacks. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 106554-106563.
    [18]
    Liu X, Yu X, Ma G, et al. On sliding mode control for networked control systems with semi-Markovian switching and random sensor delays. Information Sciences, 2016, 337: 44-58.
    [19]
    Peng C, Yue D, Han Q L. Communication and Control for Networked Complex Systems. Heidelberg: Springer, 2015.
    [20]
    Park P, Ko J W, Jeong C. Reciprocally convex approach to stability of systems with time-varying delays. Automatica, 2011, 47(1): 235-238.
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