ISSN 0253-2778

CN 34-1054/N

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Thermal behavior analysis of 21700 type lithium ion battery during charge-discharge cycles based on electrochemical-thermal model

  • Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2020.05.012
  • Received Date: 06 May 2019
  • Accepted Date: 26 June 2019
  • Rev Recd Date: 26 June 2019
  • Publish Date: 31 May 2020
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Lithium ion batteries have become a hotspot in the field of electric vehicles due to their excellent performance of high specific energy, long lifespan, high output power, and wide range of charge-discharge rates. The thermal behavior of the batteries during the charge-discharge cycle has a large impact on their performance, life cycle and safety. In this work, an electrochemical-thermal model is established based on a 21700 type cylindrical lithium ion battery, and corresponding experiments are conducted to validate the model. The thermal behavior during the charge process is analyzed, including the temperature and heat generation distribution. The results show that temperature rise in the charging process is mainly affected by the constant current charging process, the average temperature and heat generation of the battery both exhibit a trend of ascending first and descending later, and the irreversible heat shares a larger proportion of the total heat generation. The thermal behavior is contrasted between the charge and discharge process, and it is found that compared with the discharge process, the thermal behavior at the charge process has the characteristics of quick temperature change and high heat generation peaks.

    Abstract

    Lithium ion batteries have become a hotspot in the field of electric vehicles due to their excellent performance of high specific energy, long lifespan, high output power, and wide range of charge-discharge rates. The thermal behavior of the batteries during the charge-discharge cycle has a large impact on their performance, life cycle and safety. In this work, an electrochemical-thermal model is established based on a 21700 type cylindrical lithium ion battery, and corresponding experiments are conducted to validate the model. The thermal behavior during the charge process is analyzed, including the temperature and heat generation distribution. The results show that temperature rise in the charging process is mainly affected by the constant current charging process, the average temperature and heat generation of the battery both exhibit a trend of ascending first and descending later, and the irreversible heat shares a larger proportion of the total heat generation. The thermal behavior is contrasted between the charge and discharge process, and it is found that compared with the discharge process, the thermal behavior at the charge process has the characteristics of quick temperature change and high heat generation peaks.
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    • References(22)
  • [1]
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    [2]
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    CHENG Tao， WANG Xinyuan， WANG Xiangyang， et al. Light weight and highly stable graphite paper as anode current collectors for lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2017, 47(12): 971-977.
    [3]
    WANG Q, PING P, ZHAO X, et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 208: 210-224.
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    YUN F L, TANG L, LI W C, et al. Thermal behavior analysis of a pouch type Li[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2-based lithium-ion battery[J]. Rare Metals, 2016, 35(4): 309-319.
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    PENG P, JIANG F. Thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries with various cathode materials: A numerical study[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 103: 1008-1016.
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    AL-HALLAJ S, SELMAN J R. Thermal modeling of secondary lithium batteries for electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 110(2): 341-348.
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    ONDA K, OHSHIMA T, NAKAYAMA M, et al. Thermal behavior of small lithium-ion battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles[J]. Journal of Power sources, 2006, 158(1): 535-542.
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    DOYLE M, NEWMAN J, GOZDZ A S, et al. Comparison of modeling predictions with experimental data from plastic lithium ion cells[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1996, 143(6): 1890-1903.
    [12]
    DOYLE M, FULLER T F, NEWMAN J. Modeling of galvanostatic charge and discharge of the lithium/polymer/insertion cell[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1993, 140(6): 1526-1533.
    [13]
    GU W B, WANG C Y. Thermal-electrochemical modeling of battery systems[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2000, 147(8): 2910-2922.
    [14]
    CHEN S C, WAN C C, WANG Y Y. Thermal analysis of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 140 (1): 111-124.
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    KIM G H, PESARAN A, SPOTNITZ R. A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 170(2): 476-489.
    [16]
    LAI Y, DU S, AI L, et al. Insight into heat generation of lithium ion batteries based on the electrochemical-thermal model at high discharge rates[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(38): 13039-13049.
    [17]
    DONG T, PENG P, JIANG F. Numerical modeling and analysis of the thermal behavior of NCM lithium-ion batteries subjected to very high C-rate discharge/charge operations[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 117: 261-272.
    [18]
    MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. Numerical study on tab dimension optimization of lithium-ion battery from the thermal safety perspective[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142: 148-165.
    [19]
    MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. The effect of electrode design parameters on battery performance and optimization of electrode thickness based on the electrochemical-thermal coupling model[J]. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2019, 3: 148-165.
    [20]
    EDDAHECH A, BRIAT O, VINASSA J M. Thermal characterization of a high-power lithium-ion battery: Potentiometric and calorimetric measurement of entropy changes[J]. Energy, 2013, 61: 432-439.
    [21]
    WU M S, WANG Y Y, WAN C C. Thermal behaviour of nickel/metal hydride batteries during charge and discharge[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 1998, 74(2): 202-210.
    [22]
    CHEN Y, EVANS J W. Thermal analysis of lithium polymer electrolyte batteries by a two dimensional model-thermal behaviour and design optimization[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1994, 39(4): 517-526.)
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    [1]
    BRESSER D, HOSOI K, HOWELL D, et al. Perspectives of automotive battery R&D in China, Germany, Japan, and the USA[J]. J. Power Sources, 2018, 382: 176-178.
    [2]
    程涛, 王欣媛, 王向阳, 等. 轻质、高稳定石墨纸锂离子电池负极集流体[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报, 2017, 47(12): 971-977.
    CHENG Tao， WANG Xinyuan， WANG Xiangyang， et al. Light weight and highly stable graphite paper as anode current collectors for lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2017, 47(12): 971-977.
    [3]
    WANG Q, PING P, ZHAO X, et al. Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 208: 210-224.
    [4]
    YUN F L, TANG L, LI W C, et al. Thermal behavior analysis of a pouch type Li[Ni0.7Co0.15Mn0.15]O2-based lithium-ion battery[J]. Rare Metals, 2016, 35(4): 309-319.
    [5]
    XU M, ZHANG Z, WANG X, et al. Two-dimensional electrochemical-thermal coupled modeling of cylindrical LiFePO4 batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 256: 233-243.
    [6]
    DU S, LAI Y, AI L, et al. An investigation of irreversible heat generation in lithium ion batteries based on a thermo-electrochemical coupling method[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 121: 501-510.
    [7]
    PENG P, JIANG F. Thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries with various cathode materials: A numerical study[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 103: 1008-1016.
    [8]
    李腾, 林成涛, 陈全世. 锂离子电池热模型研究进展[J]. 电源技术, 2009, 33(10): 927-932.
    LI Teng, LIN Chengtao, CHEN Quanshi. Research development on lithium-ion battery thermal model[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2009,33(10): 927-932.
    [9]
    AL-HALLAJ S, SELMAN J R. Thermal modeling of secondary lithium batteries for electric vehicle/hybrid electric vehicle applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 110(2): 341-348.
    [10]
    ONDA K, OHSHIMA T, NAKAYAMA M, et al. Thermal behavior of small lithium-ion battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles[J]. Journal of Power sources, 2006, 158(1): 535-542.
    [11]
    DOYLE M, NEWMAN J, GOZDZ A S, et al. Comparison of modeling predictions with experimental data from plastic lithium ion cells[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1996, 143(6): 1890-1903.
    [12]
    DOYLE M, FULLER T F, NEWMAN J. Modeling of galvanostatic charge and discharge of the lithium/polymer/insertion cell[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1993, 140(6): 1526-1533.
    [13]
    GU W B, WANG C Y. Thermal-electrochemical modeling of battery systems[J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2000, 147(8): 2910-2922.
    [14]
    CHEN S C, WAN C C, WANG Y Y. Thermal analysis of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2005, 140 (1): 111-124.
    [15]
    KIM G H, PESARAN A, SPOTNITZ R. A three-dimensional thermal abuse model for lithium-ion cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 170(2): 476-489.
    [16]
    LAI Y, DU S, AI L, et al. Insight into heat generation of lithium ion batteries based on the electrochemical-thermal model at high discharge rates[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(38): 13039-13049.
    [17]
    DONG T, PENG P, JIANG F. Numerical modeling and analysis of the thermal behavior of NCM lithium-ion batteries subjected to very high C-rate discharge/charge operations[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 117: 261-272.
    [18]
    MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. Numerical study on tab dimension optimization of lithium-ion battery from the thermal safety perspective[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 142: 148-165.
    [19]
    MEI W, CHEN H, SUN J, et al. The effect of electrode design parameters on battery performance and optimization of electrode thickness based on the electrochemical-thermal coupling model[J]. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2019, 3: 148-165.
    [20]
    EDDAHECH A, BRIAT O, VINASSA J M. Thermal characterization of a high-power lithium-ion battery: Potentiometric and calorimetric measurement of entropy changes[J]. Energy, 2013, 61: 432-439.
    [21]
    WU M S, WANG Y Y, WAN C C. Thermal behaviour of nickel/metal hydride batteries during charge and discharge[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 1998, 74(2): 202-210.
    [22]
    CHEN Y, EVANS J W. Thermal analysis of lithium polymer electrolyte batteries by a two dimensional model-thermal behaviour and design optimization[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1994, 39(4): 517-526.)
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