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Cloud property differences between precipitating and non-precipitating warm clouds over global oceans derived from satellite remote sensing

  • 1.

    Shandong Linqu Meteorological Bureau,Weifang 262600,China

  • 2.

    School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Techonology of China, Hefei 230026,China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2017.12.006
  • Received Date: 07 March 2017
  • Rev Recd Date: 02 June 2017
  • Publish Date: 30 December 2017
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Data collected from quasi-synchronous Aqua/MODIS and CloudSat/CPR measurements were used to compare cloud parameters between precipitating and non-precipitating warm clouds over global oceans. The characteristics of cloud water vertical structure near cloud top, which were implied by the contrasts among the three cloud droplet effective radii (R16, R21, R37) retrieved from distinct near-infrared channels of MODIS, were especially examined and their discrepancies between the two cloud categories were clarified. It is found that the global distribution of warm clouds has notable regional features. The valid range of most cloud properties are similar for precipitating and non-precipitating warm clouds, including cloud top temperature (CTT), optical thickness (COT), geometrical thickness, cloud droplet effective radius (Re), cloud water path (CWP). But there is still evident distinction between their averages, with the COT, Re, CWP of precipitating warm clouds significantly higher than non-precipitating ones. According to the statistics, the model of R37

    Abstract

    Data collected from quasi-synchronous Aqua/MODIS and CloudSat/CPR measurements were used to compare cloud parameters between precipitating and non-precipitating warm clouds over global oceans. The characteristics of cloud water vertical structure near cloud top, which were implied by the contrasts among the three cloud droplet effective radii (R16, R21, R37) retrieved from distinct near-infrared channels of MODIS, were especially examined and their discrepancies between the two cloud categories were clarified. It is found that the global distribution of warm clouds has notable regional features. The valid range of most cloud properties are similar for precipitating and non-precipitating warm clouds, including cloud top temperature (CTT), optical thickness (COT), geometrical thickness, cloud droplet effective radius (Re), cloud water path (CWP). But there is still evident distinction between their averages, with the COT, Re, CWP of precipitating warm clouds significantly higher than non-precipitating ones. According to the statistics, the model of R37
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    • References(35)
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    KUBAR T L, HARTMANN D L, WOOD R. Understanding the importance of microphysics and macrophysics for warm rain in marine low clouds. Part I: Satellite observations[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2009, 66(10):2953-2972.
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    周毓荃,欧建军. 利用探空数据分析云垂直结构的方法及其应用研究[J]. 气象,2010,36(11):50-58.
    ZHOU Yuquan, OU Jianjun. The method of cloud vertical structure analysis using rawinsonde observation and its applied research[J]. Meteorological Monthly , 2010,36(11):50-58.
    [18]
    尹金方,王东海,翟国庆,王志恩. 基于星载云雷达资料的东亚大陆云垂直结构特征分析[J]. 气象学报,2013,71(1):121-133.
    YIN Jinfang, WANG Donghai, ZHAI Guoqing, et al.A study of cloud vertical profiles from the Cloudsat data over the East Asian Continent[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2013,71(1):121-133.
    [19]
    周毓荃,赵姝慧. CloudSat卫星及其在天气和云观测分析中的应用[J]. 南京气象学院学报,2008,31(5):603-614.
    ZHOU Yuquan, ZHAO Shuhui. CloudSat Satellite and Its Application in Weather and Cloud Observation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2008,31(5):603-614.
    [20]
    LEBSOCK M D, L'ECUYER T S, STEPHENS G L. Detecting the ratio of rain and cloud water in low-latitude shallow marine clouds[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2011, 50(2) :419-432.
    [21]
    尚博,周毓荃,刘建朝,等. 基于Cloudsat的降水云和非降水云垂直特征[J]. 应用气象学报,2012,23(1):1-9.
    SHANG Bo, ZHOU Yuquan, LIU Jianchao, et al. Comparing vertical structure of precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud using Cloudsat[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science , 2012,23(1):1-9.
    [22]
    李积明,黄建平,衣育红,等. 利用星载激光雷达资料研究东亚地区云垂直分布的统计特征[J]. 大气科学,2009,33(4):698-707.
    LI Jiming, HUANG Jianping, YI Yuhong, et al. Analysis of vertical distribution of cloud in East Asia by space-based Lidar data[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2009,33(4):698-707.
    [23]
    黄美元. 云和降水物理[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 1999.
    [24]
    SCHUMACHER C. The TRMM precipitation radar's view of shallow, isolated rain[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology , 1962 , 42 (10) :1519-1524.
    [25]
    LIU C，ZIPSER E J，CECIL D J，et al. A cloud and precipitation feature database from nine years of TRMM observations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2008，47(10): 2712-2728.
    [26]
    刘鹏. 基于TRMM探测的热带及副热带降水及其光谱信号特征分析[D].合肥：中国科学技术大学,2012.
    [27]
    CHARLSON R J，LOVELOCK J E，ANDREAE M O，et al. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate[J]. Nature，1987,326(6114): 655-661.
    [28]
    HARTMANN D L，SHORT D A. On the use of earth radiation budget statistics for studies of clouds and climate[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1980, 37(6): 1233-1250.
    [29]
    WEISZ E, LI J, MENZEL W P, et al. Comparision of AIRS, MODIS, CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud top height retrievals[J]. Geophysical Research Letters , 2007 , 34 (17) :251-270.
    [30]
    KUBAR T L, HARTMANN D L, WOOD R. Understanding the importance of microphysics and macrophysics for warm rain in marine low clouds. Part I: Satellite observations[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, 66(10):2953-2972.
    [31]
    MACE G G, MARCHAND R, ZHANG Q, et al. Global hydrometeor occurrence as observed by CloudSat: Initial observations from summer 2006[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007,34(9) :252-254.
    [32]
    WALISER D E, LI J Ｌ Ｆ, WOODS Ｃ P, et al. Cloud ice: A climate model challenge with signs and expectations of progress[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009, 114(D8)：D00A21；doi: 10.1029/2008JD010015.
    [33]
    WANG J, ROSSOW W Ｂ．Effects of cloud vertical structure on atmospheric circulation in the GISS GCM[J]. Journal of Ｃlimate, 1998, 11(11) :3010-3029.
    [34]
    ZUIDEMA P，MAPES Ｂ． Cloud vertical structure observed from space and ship over the Bay of Bengal and the eastern tropical Pacific[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan , 2008 , 86A (11) :205-218．
    [35]
    彭杰, 张华, 沈新勇. 东亚地区云垂直结构的CloudSat卫星观测研究[J]. 大气科学, 2013, 37(1):91-100.
    PENG Jie, ZHANG Hua , SHEN Xinyong．Analysis of vertical structure of clouds in East Asia with CloudSat Data[J]．Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences，2013, 37(1):91-100.
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    [1]
    刘奇. 基于ISCCP及TRMM观测的热带降水云与非降水云差异的研究[D].合肥：中国科学技术大学,2007.
    [2]
    王旻燕,王伯民. ISCCP产品和我国地面观测总云量差异[J]. 应用气象学报,2009,(04):411-418.
    WANG Minyan, WANG Bomin. Total Cloud Amount Difference Between ISCCP Product and Ground Observation over China[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2009,(04):411-418.
    [3]
    ROSSOW W B, SCHIFFER R A． ISCCP cloud data products[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ，１９９１，72(1): 2-20.
    [4]
    MARCHAND R, MACE ＧG, ACKERMAN T, et al. Hydrometeor detection using CloudSat—An Earth-orbiting 94-GHz cloud radar[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2008, 25(4): 519-533.
    [5]
    RAMANATHAN V, CRUTZEN PＪ, KIEHL J T, et al. Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle[J]. Science,2001, 294(5549): 2119-2124.
    [6]
    刘奇,傅云飞. 基于TRMM/TMI的亚洲夏季降水研究[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2007,37(1):111-122.
    [7]
    BARKER H, KOROLEV A, HUDAK D, et al. A comparison between CloudSat and aircraft data for a multilayer, mixed phase cloud system during the Canadian CloudSat‐CALIPSO Validation Project[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2008, 113(D8): D00A16;doi: 10.1029/2008JD009971.
    [8]
    WEBSTER P J, STEPHENS G L. Cloud-radiation interaction and the climate problem[J]. Global Climate, 1984.
    [9]
    王可丽,钟强,侯萍. 青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响 Ⅰ. 综合分析[J]. 高原气象,1994,(01):58-65.
    WANG Keli, ZHONG Qiang, HOU Ping. Effect of cloud on the surface effective radiation over the Qinghai-Xizang PlateauⅠ Comprehensive analysis[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 1994,(01):58-65.
    [10]
    王可丽,钟强. 青藏高原地区云对地面有效辐射的影响 Ⅱ. 强迫作用[J]. 高原气象,1994,(02):16-22.
    WANG Keli, ZHONG Qiang. Effect of cloud on the surface effective radiation over the Qinghai-Xizang PlateauⅡ Cloud radiative forcing[M]//The Global Climate. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1984:63-78.
    [11]
    LEBSOCK M D, L'ECUYER T S, STEPHENS G L. Detecting the ratio of rain and cloud water in low-latitude shallow marine clouds[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2011, 50(2): 419-432.
    [12]
    KUBAR T L, HARTMANN D L, WOOD R. Understanding the importance of microphysics and macrophysics for warm rain in marine low clouds. Part I: Satellite observations[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2009, 66(10):2953-2972.
    [13]
    NAKAJIMA T Y, SUZUKI K, STEPHENS G L. Droplet growth in warm water clouds observed by the A-Train. Part I: Sensitivity analysis of the MODIS-derived cloud droplet sizes[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,2010, 67(6) :1884-1896
    [14]
    汪宏七,赵高祥. 云微物理特性对云光学和云辐射性质的影响[J]. 应用气象学报,1996,7(1):36-44.
    WANG Hongqi, ZHAO Gaoxiang. The influences of cloud microphysical parameters on cloud optical and radiative properties[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorlolgy, 1996,7(1):36-44.
    [15]
    胡雯,申宜运,曾光平. 南方夏季对流云人工增雨技术研究[J]. 应用气象学报,2005,16(3):413-416.
    [16]
    陈勇航,黄建平,王天河,等. 西北地区不同类型云的时空分布及其与降水的关系[J]. 应用气象学报,2005,16(6):717-727.
    CHEN Yonghang, HUANG Jianping, WANG Tianhe, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of the different clouds over Northwestern China with the relation to precipitation[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005,16(6):717-727.
    [17]
    周毓荃,欧建军. 利用探空数据分析云垂直结构的方法及其应用研究[J]. 气象,2010,36(11):50-58.
    ZHOU Yuquan, OU Jianjun. The method of cloud vertical structure analysis using rawinsonde observation and its applied research[J]. Meteorological Monthly , 2010,36(11):50-58.
    [18]
    尹金方,王东海,翟国庆,王志恩. 基于星载云雷达资料的东亚大陆云垂直结构特征分析[J]. 气象学报,2013,71(1):121-133.
    YIN Jinfang, WANG Donghai, ZHAI Guoqing, et al.A study of cloud vertical profiles from the Cloudsat data over the East Asian Continent[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2013,71(1):121-133.
    [19]
    周毓荃,赵姝慧. CloudSat卫星及其在天气和云观测分析中的应用[J]. 南京气象学院学报,2008,31(5):603-614.
    ZHOU Yuquan, ZHAO Shuhui. CloudSat Satellite and Its Application in Weather and Cloud Observation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2008,31(5):603-614.
    [20]
    LEBSOCK M D, L'ECUYER T S, STEPHENS G L. Detecting the ratio of rain and cloud water in low-latitude shallow marine clouds[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology,2011, 50(2) :419-432.
    [21]
    尚博,周毓荃,刘建朝,等. 基于Cloudsat的降水云和非降水云垂直特征[J]. 应用气象学报,2012,23(1):1-9.
    SHANG Bo, ZHOU Yuquan, LIU Jianchao, et al. Comparing vertical structure of precipitation cloud and non-precipitation cloud using Cloudsat[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science , 2012,23(1):1-9.
    [22]
    李积明,黄建平,衣育红,等. 利用星载激光雷达资料研究东亚地区云垂直分布的统计特征[J]. 大气科学,2009,33(4):698-707.
    LI Jiming, HUANG Jianping, YI Yuhong, et al. Analysis of vertical distribution of cloud in East Asia by space-based Lidar data[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2009,33(4):698-707.
    [23]
    黄美元. 云和降水物理[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 1999.
    [24]
    SCHUMACHER C. The TRMM precipitation radar's view of shallow, isolated rain[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology , 1962 , 42 (10) :1519-1524.
    [25]
    LIU C，ZIPSER E J，CECIL D J，et al. A cloud and precipitation feature database from nine years of TRMM observations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2008，47(10): 2712-2728.
    [26]
    刘鹏. 基于TRMM探测的热带及副热带降水及其光谱信号特征分析[D].合肥：中国科学技术大学,2012.
    [27]
    CHARLSON R J，LOVELOCK J E，ANDREAE M O，et al. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate[J]. Nature，1987,326(6114): 655-661.
    [28]
    HARTMANN D L，SHORT D A. On the use of earth radiation budget statistics for studies of clouds and climate[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1980, 37(6): 1233-1250.
    [29]
    WEISZ E, LI J, MENZEL W P, et al. Comparision of AIRS, MODIS, CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud top height retrievals[J]. Geophysical Research Letters , 2007 , 34 (17) :251-270.
    [30]
    KUBAR T L, HARTMANN D L, WOOD R. Understanding the importance of microphysics and macrophysics for warm rain in marine low clouds. Part I: Satellite observations[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, 66(10):2953-2972.
    [31]
    MACE G G, MARCHAND R, ZHANG Q, et al. Global hydrometeor occurrence as observed by CloudSat: Initial observations from summer 2006[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007,34(9) :252-254.
    [32]
    WALISER D E, LI J Ｌ Ｆ, WOODS Ｃ P, et al. Cloud ice: A climate model challenge with signs and expectations of progress[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2009, 114(D8)：D00A21；doi: 10.1029/2008JD010015.
    [33]
    WANG J, ROSSOW W Ｂ．Effects of cloud vertical structure on atmospheric circulation in the GISS GCM[J]. Journal of Ｃlimate, 1998, 11(11) :3010-3029.
    [34]
    ZUIDEMA P，MAPES Ｂ． Cloud vertical structure observed from space and ship over the Bay of Bengal and the eastern tropical Pacific[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan , 2008 , 86A (11) :205-218．
    [35]
    彭杰, 张华, 沈新勇. 东亚地区云垂直结构的CloudSat卫星观测研究[J]. 大气科学, 2013, 37(1):91-100.
    PENG Jie, ZHANG Hua , SHEN Xinyong．Analysis of vertical structure of clouds in East Asia with CloudSat Data[J]．Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences，2013, 37(1):91-100.
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