Subgroup analysis for multi-response regression

Correctly identifying the subgroups in a heterogeneous population has gained increasing popularity in modern big data applications since studying the heterogeneous effect can eliminate the impact of individual differences and make the estimation results more accurate. Despite the fast growing literature, most existing methods mainly focus on the heterogeneous univariate regression and how to precisely identify subgroups in face of multiple responses remains unclear. Here, we develop a new methodology for heterogeneous multi-response regression via a concave pairwise fusion approach, which estimates the coefficient matrix and identifies the subgroup structure jointly. Besides, we provide theoretical guarantees for the proposed methodology by establishing the estimation consistency. Our numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.