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CN 34-1054/N

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Experimental study on differences of meteorological elements and surface fluxes in urban and suburban Hefei

  • 1.

    School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

  • 3.

    School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2020.06.009
  • Received Date: 15 January 2020
  • Accepted Date: 20 April 2020
  • Rev Recd Date: 20 April 2020
  • Publish Date: 30 June 2020
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Based on the data collected by the automatic weather station and the eddy correlation system from the urban and suburban areas in Hefei from 5 May to 10 October, 2013, differences in the urban and suburban areas are quantitatively analyzed from three aspects: meteorological factors, urban heat island(UHI) intensity, and surface energy balance. The result shows: ① UHI in the evening is stronger than that in the daytime, but not obvious in the daytime. The order of intensity of UHI in four seasons at night is winter> autumn> spring> summer. The average value of UHI intensity at night reached the maximum of 1.97℃ on clear winter nights, and the minimum of 0.76℃ was reached on clear summer nights. ② The sensible heat flux played a major role in urban energy budget, while the latent heat flux played a major role in suburban energy budgets. The daily average time of unstable stratification in urban sites is 2.3 h longer than that in suburban areas. The Bowen ratio of the four seasons in the urban area fluctuated greatly, reaching the maximum of 8.66 on sunny days in winter, and the minimum of 0.95 on sunny days in autumn. The order of the Bowen ratio of four seasons in the urban area is winter > spring> summer> autumn. The Bowen ratio in the suburban area had less fluctuations in four seasons with the maximum being 1.65 on sunny days in winter and the minimum being 0.49 on sunny days in autumn.

    Abstract

    Based on the data collected by the automatic weather station and the eddy correlation system from the urban and suburban areas in Hefei from 5 May to 10 October, 2013, differences in the urban and suburban areas are quantitatively analyzed from three aspects: meteorological factors, urban heat island(UHI) intensity, and surface energy balance. The result shows: ① UHI in the evening is stronger than that in the daytime, but not obvious in the daytime. The order of intensity of UHI in four seasons at night is winter> autumn> spring> summer. The average value of UHI intensity at night reached the maximum of 1.97℃ on clear winter nights, and the minimum of 0.76℃ was reached on clear summer nights. ② The sensible heat flux played a major role in urban energy budget, while the latent heat flux played a major role in suburban energy budgets. The daily average time of unstable stratification in urban sites is 2.3 h longer than that in suburban areas. The Bowen ratio of the four seasons in the urban area fluctuated greatly, reaching the maximum of 8.66 on sunny days in winter, and the minimum of 0.95 on sunny days in autumn. The order of the Bowen ratio of four seasons in the urban area is winter > spring> summer> autumn. The Bowen ratio in the suburban area had less fluctuations in four seasons with the maximum being 1.65 on sunny days in winter and the minimum being 0.49 on sunny days in autumn.
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    • References(30)
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    [1]
    ZHOU L M, DICKINSON R E, TIAN Y H, et al. Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004, 101 (26): 9540-9544.
    [2]
    KALNAY E, CAI M. Erratum: Corrigendum: Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate[J]. Nature, 2003, 425(6953): 102.
    [3]
    KNODEL J. United Nations Population Division: Living Arrangements of Older Persons Around the World[J]. Population and Development Review, 2006, 32(2): 373.
    [4]
    HOWARD L. The Climate of London: Deduced from Meteorological Observations Made in the Metropolis and at Various Places Around It[M]. London: Harvey and Darton, 1833.
    [5]
    MANLEY G. On the frequency of snowfall in metropolitan England[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1958, 84(359): 70-72.
    [6]
    周明煜, 曲绍厚, 李玉英, 等. 北京地区热岛和热岛环流特征[J]. 环境科学, 1980(5): 12-18.
    [7]
    徐伟, 杨涵洧, 张仕鹏, 等. 上海城市热岛的变化特征[J]. 热带气象学报, 2018, 34(2): 228-238.
    [8]
    李庆祥, 张洪政, 刘小宁, 等. 中国城市热岛效应的证据及对中国区域气候变化的影响[C]// 中国气象学会2004年年会会议论文集. 北京：中国气象学会, 2004.
    [9]
    纪瑞鹏, 张喜民，李刚. 沈阳等6城市热岛效应卫星监测研究[J]. 辽宁气象, 2000(4): 22-23.
    [10]
    BALDOCCHI D, FALGE E, GU L, et al. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2001, 82(11): 2415-2434.
    [11]
    CAMPBELL G S, NORMAN J M, SPRINGERLINK O S. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics[M]. New York: Springer, 1998.
    [12]
    MARGULIS S. Handbook of micrometeorology: A guide for surface flux measurement and analysis[M]. Boston: American Meteorological Society, 2006: 87, 957.
    [13]
    ARNFIELD A J. Two decades of urban climate research: A review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2003, 23(1): 1-26.
    [14]
    GRIMMOND C, OKE T R. Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: Observations and a local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS)[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2002, 41(7): 792.
    [15]
    NEMITZ E, HARGREAVES K J, MCDONALD A G, et al. Micrometeorological measurements of the urban heat budget and CO2 emissions on a city scale[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(14): 3139-3146.
    [16]
    CHRISTEN A, VOGT R. Energy and radiation balance of a central European city[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2004, 24(11): 1395-1421.
    [17]
    VELASCO E, VELASCO E, PRESSLEY S, et al. Energy balance in urban Mexico City: Observation and parameterization during the MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 field campaign[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2011, 103(3): 501-517.
    [18]
    GOLDBACH A, KUTTLER W. Quantification of turbulent heat fluxes for adaptation strategies within urban planning[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2013, 33(1): 143-159.
    [19]
    CHOW W T L, VOLO T J, VIVONI E R, et al. Seasonal dynamics of a suburban energy balance in Phoenix, Arizona[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2014, 34(15): 3863-3880.
    [20]
    王成刚, 孙鉴泞, 胡非, 等. 城市水泥下垫面能量平衡特征的观测与分析[J]. 南京大学学报(自然科学), 2007, 43(3): 270-279.
    [21]
    彭江良, 吴息, 江志红, 等. 南京冬季城、郊下垫面能量平衡特征分析[J]. 气象科学, 2008, 28(1): 21-29.
    [22]
    苗世光, 窦军霞, CHEN F, 等. 北京城市地表能量平衡特征观测分析[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2012, 42(9): 1394-1402.
    [23]
    YUAN R, KANG M, et al. Expansion of the planar-fit method to estimate flux over complex terrain[J]. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2011, 110(3): 123-133.
    [24]
    王咏薇,王雪倩,胡楠,等.城市地表湍流观测数据的后处理及质量控制[J].气象科学, 2013, 33(2): 153-159.
    [25]
    YUAN R, ZHANG X, LIU H, et al. Aerosol vertical mass flux measurements during heavy aerosol pollution episodes at a rural site and an urban site in the Beijing area of the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 19(20): 12857-12874.
    [26]
    OKE T R. The distinction between canopy and boundary-layer urban heat Islands[J]. Atmosphere, 1976, 14(4): 268-277.
    [27]
    SHAKER R, ALTMAN Y, DENG C, et al. Investigating urban heat island through spatial analysis of New York City streetscapes[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 233: 972-992.
    [28]
    RICHARDS K, OKE T R. Validation and results of a scale model of dew deposition in urban environments[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2002, 22(15): 1915-1933.
    [29]
    CONNORS J P, GALLETTI C S, et al. Landscape configuration and urban heat island effects: Assessing the relationship between landscape characteristics and land surface temperature in Phoenix, Arizona[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2013, 28(2): 271-283.
    [30]
    YUAN R M, LUO T, SUN J N, et al. A new method for estimating aerosol mass flux in the urban surface layer using LAS technology[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2016, 9(4): 1925-1937.)
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