ISSN 0253-2778

CN 34-1054/N

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Study on relation between wet deformation of Xuan paper and quality of mounted calligraphy and paintings

  • 1.

    Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026,China

  • 2.

    Shanxi Museum, Taiyuan 030024,China)

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2020.05.017
  • Received Date: 27 July 2019
  • Accepted Date: 23 December 2019
  • Rev Recd Date: 23 December 2019
  • Publish Date: 31 May 2020
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    Most of the harm to the paintings and calligraphy is related to "the force". However, few studies have been reported on the research of the mechanical behavior. Xuan paper is a primary material of the mounting of Chinese paintings and calligraphy. Dimensional variation occurs upon changes in its moisture content during the drying process, and serious deformation may affect the stability of the paintings and the effects of the mounting. Digital image correlation was used to measure the wet deformation of single-layer Xuan paper and the sample of a mounted painting on two layers of Xuan paper, with considerations of dimensional changes caused by wetting and the influences on the deformation from Xuan paper's fiber orientation upon drying on the wall. The results show that the mechanical properties and wet deformation were related to the fiber orientation of Xuan paper, and that fiber orientation was the main contributing factor in the influence on deformation in drying. In addition, excessive shrinkage in both vertical and horizontal directions was observed in new Xuan paper due to the existence of internal stress. Suggestions are thus provided on improvement, which will help raise the quality of mounting and restoration of cultural relics such as calligraphy and paintings.

    Abstract

    Most of the harm to the paintings and calligraphy is related to "the force". However, few studies have been reported on the research of the mechanical behavior. Xuan paper is a primary material of the mounting of Chinese paintings and calligraphy. Dimensional variation occurs upon changes in its moisture content during the drying process, and serious deformation may affect the stability of the paintings and the effects of the mounting. Digital image correlation was used to measure the wet deformation of single-layer Xuan paper and the sample of a mounted painting on two layers of Xuan paper, with considerations of dimensional changes caused by wetting and the influences on the deformation from Xuan paper's fiber orientation upon drying on the wall. The results show that the mechanical properties and wet deformation were related to the fiber orientation of Xuan paper, and that fiber orientation was the main contributing factor in the influence on deformation in drying. In addition, excessive shrinkage in both vertical and horizontal directions was observed in new Xuan paper due to the existence of internal stress. Suggestions are thus provided on improvement, which will help raise the quality of mounting and restoration of cultural relics such as calligraphy and paintings.
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    • References(15)
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    陈晓彬, 董云渊, 郑启富, 等. 基于“边界层”理论的纸张干燥动力学模型及其数值仿真[J]. 中国造纸学报, 2017, 32(3): 37-42.
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    胡开堂, 刘忠. 纸页的结构与性能[M]. 中国轻工业出版社, 2006: 42-43.
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    SMAN C G V D , BOSCO E , PEERLINGS R H J . A model for moisture-induced dimensional instability in printing paper[J]. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2016, 31(4)：676-683.
    [13]
    LINDNER M. Factors affecting the hygroexpansion of paper[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2018, 53(1): 1-26.
    [14]
    吴柳庭, 崔志清. 对视觉分辨极限值的修正[J]. 天津医科大学学报, 2004, 10(1):103-105.
    [15]
    赵凤奎. 人眼的最小分辨视角[J]. 唐山师范学院学报, 2008, 30(5):67-69.
    [16]
    张金萍, 郑冬青, 朱庆贵, 等. 热老化模式对纸张性能的影响[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2013(3):16-19.)
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    [1]
    徐文娟, 陈元生. 书画装裱材料——宣纸形稳定性的研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2005, 17(2): 27-30.
    [2]
    徐文娟. 从宣纸的形稳性谈书画的卷曲问题[C]//东亚纸张保护学术研讨会, 2006.
    [3]
    徐文娟. 宣纸尺寸稳定性的研究[C]. 中日韩造纸史学术研讨会, 2009.
    [4]
    LARSSON P A, HOC M, WGBERG L. A novel approach to study the hydroexpansion mechanisms of paper using spray technique[J]. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2009, 24(4): 371-380.
    [5]
    高慧, 邵卓平. 宣纸流变模型的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2008(10): 113-119.
    [7]
    高慧, 邵卓平. 宣纸的力学行为研究[J]. 上海造纸, 2008(3): 43-47.
    [8]
    黄飞松. 手工纸的抄造技法与纸帘之调查[J]. 纸和造纸, 2016(3): 31-36.
    [9]
    HAN Y H, ENOMAE T, ISOGAI A, et al.. Traditional papermaking techniques revealed by fibre orientation in historical papers[J]. Studies in Conservation, 2006, 51(4): 267-276.
    [10]
    陈晓彬, 董云渊, 郑启富, 等. 基于“边界层”理论的纸张干燥动力学模型及其数值仿真[J]. 中国造纸学报, 2017, 32(3): 37-42.
    [11]
    胡开堂, 刘忠. 纸页的结构与性能[M]. 中国轻工业出版社, 2006: 42-43.
    [12]
    SMAN C G V D , BOSCO E , PEERLINGS R H J . A model for moisture-induced dimensional instability in printing paper[J]. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2016, 31(4)：676-683.
    [13]
    LINDNER M. Factors affecting the hygroexpansion of paper[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2018, 53(1): 1-26.
    [14]
    吴柳庭, 崔志清. 对视觉分辨极限值的修正[J]. 天津医科大学学报, 2004, 10(1):103-105.
    [15]
    赵凤奎. 人眼的最小分辨视角[J]. 唐山师范学院学报, 2008, 30(5):67-69.
    [16]
    张金萍, 郑冬青, 朱庆贵, 等. 热老化模式对纸张性能的影响[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2013(3):16-19.)
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