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Towards long-distance quantum communication: Quantum repeaters and transportable quantum memories

  • 1.

    CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

  • 2.

    CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Cite this:
https://doi.org/10.52396/JUST-2021-0156
  • Received Date: 01 July 2021
  • Rev Recd Date: 27 July 2021
  • Publish Date: 30 September 2021
    Abstract

  • Abstract

    The non-cloning theorem provides the unconditional security for quantum communication but forbids the use of classical amplifiers. Therefore, the inevitable channel loss prevents the long-distance quantum communication. Protocols involving quantum memories can overcome this problem through the approach of quantum repeaters and transportable quantum memories. Based on rare-earth-ion doped crystals, we recently demonstrate an elementary link of a quantum repeater based on absorptive quantum memories and extend the optical storage time to 1 h. Here we provide a brief introduction to quantum communication, quantum repeaters and transportable quantum memories. Based on this, we review our recent achievements in this field.

    Abstract

    The non-cloning theorem provides the unconditional security for quantum communication but forbids the use of classical amplifiers. Therefore, the inevitable channel loss prevents the long-distance quantum communication. Protocols involving quantum memories can overcome this problem through the approach of quantum repeaters and transportable quantum memories. Based on rare-earth-ion doped crystals, we recently demonstrate an elementary link of a quantum repeater based on absorptive quantum memories and extend the optical storage time to 1 h. Here we provide a brief introduction to quantum communication, quantum repeaters and transportable quantum memories. Based on this, we review our recent achievements in this field.
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    • References(11)
  • [1]
    Wootters W K, Zurek W H. A single quantum cannot be cloned. Nature, 1982, 299: 802-803.
    [2]
    Sangouard N, Simon C, de Riedmatten H, et al. Quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2011, 83: 33-80.
    [3]
    Zhong M, Hedges M, Ahlefeldt R, et al. Optically addressable nuclear spins in a solid with a six-hour coherence time. Nature, 2015, 517: 177-180.
    [4]
    Briegel H J, Dür W, Cirac J I, et al. Quantum repeaters: The role of imperfect local operations in quantum communication. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, 81: 5932-5935.
    [5]
    Zhou Z Q, Lin W B, Yang M, et al. Realization of reliable solid-state quantum memory for photonic polarization qubit. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108: 190505.
    [6]
    Tang J S, Zhou Z Q, Wang Y T, et al. Storage of multiple single-photon pulses emitted from a quantum dot in a solid-state quantum memory. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8652.
    [7]
    Liu X, Hu J, Li Z F, et al. Heralded entanglement distribution between two absorptive quantum memories. Nature, 2021, 594: 41-45.
    [8]
    Morton J J L, Molmer K. Spin memories in for the long haul. Nature, 2015, 517: 153-154.
    [9]
    Ma Y, Zhou Z Q, Liu C, et al. A Raman heterodyne study of the hyperfine interaction of the optically-excited state 5D0 of Eu3+:Y2SiO5. Journal of Luminescence, 2018, 202: 32-37.
    [10]
    Ma Y, Ma Y Z, Zhou Z Q, et al. One-hour coherent optical storage in an atomic frequency comb memory. Nature Communications, 2021, 12: 2381.
    [11]
    Bland-Hawthorn J, Sellars M J, Bartholomew J G. Quantum memories and the double-slit experiment: Implications for astronomical interferometry. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2021, 38(7): A86-A98.
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    [1]
    Wootters W K, Zurek W H. A single quantum cannot be cloned. Nature, 1982, 299: 802-803.
    [2]
    Sangouard N, Simon C, de Riedmatten H, et al. Quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 2011, 83: 33-80.
    [3]
    Zhong M, Hedges M, Ahlefeldt R, et al. Optically addressable nuclear spins in a solid with a six-hour coherence time. Nature, 2015, 517: 177-180.
    [4]
    Briegel H J, Dür W, Cirac J I, et al. Quantum repeaters: The role of imperfect local operations in quantum communication. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, 81: 5932-5935.
    [5]
    Zhou Z Q, Lin W B, Yang M, et al. Realization of reliable solid-state quantum memory for photonic polarization qubit. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 108: 190505.
    [6]
    Tang J S, Zhou Z Q, Wang Y T, et al. Storage of multiple single-photon pulses emitted from a quantum dot in a solid-state quantum memory. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8652.
    [7]
    Liu X, Hu J, Li Z F, et al. Heralded entanglement distribution between two absorptive quantum memories. Nature, 2021, 594: 41-45.
    [8]
    Morton J J L, Molmer K. Spin memories in for the long haul. Nature, 2015, 517: 153-154.
    [9]
    Ma Y, Zhou Z Q, Liu C, et al. A Raman heterodyne study of the hyperfine interaction of the optically-excited state 5D0 of Eu3+:Y2SiO5. Journal of Luminescence, 2018, 202: 32-37.
    [10]
    Ma Y, Ma Y Z, Zhou Z Q, et al. One-hour coherent optical storage in an atomic frequency comb memory. Nature Communications, 2021, 12: 2381.
    [11]
    Bland-Hawthorn J, Sellars M J, Bartholomew J G. Quantum memories and the double-slit experiment: Implications for astronomical interferometry. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2021, 38(7): A86-A98.
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