Abstract: During the prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange genetic materials (recombination). Meiotic recombination plays a crucial role in the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes and normal gametogenesis. Altered recombination may lead to various sperm abnormalities, such as arrest in spermatogenesis or non-disjunction, which in turn contributes to infertility or aneuploidy. Infertility is a major health problem that affects 10%~15% of couples, about half of which being attributed to male factors in which the aetiology and mechanisms are unidentified. Despite the obvious clinical significance and high incidence of human male infertility, the mechanisms of spermatogenic failure caused by meiotic recombination errors in humans has been inadequately unclear. However, recently-developed immunofluorescence methods which can directly view meiotic recombination and associated important events during gametogenesis have revolutionized our understanding of human spermatogenesis. In this paper, the relationship between meiotic recombination and spermatogenesis is reviewed.