Abstract: Post-translational modifications of target proteins are important for these proteins to execute their cellular functions and enable cells to respond to stimuli. There are phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and other modifications to modify target proteins. In the research of neurodegenerative diseases, post-translational modifications participate in the process and pathogenesis of the diseases attracting increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and phosphorylation, ubiquitination or SUMOylation and introduce our laboratorys work.