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双重信息非对称下风险规避供应链的商业信用激励

Trade credit contracting in a risk-averse supply chain under adverse selection and moral hazard

  • 摘要: 在一个由风险中性供应商和风险规避零售商组成的二级供应链中,零售商的销售成本为其私有信息时,研究了双重信息非对称下商业信用的激励作用。首先,分别构建单一信息非对称和双重信息非对称下的商业信用激励模型,求解得出最优的商业信用契约配置,并推导出零售商的最优决策。然后分析商业信用激励契约的有效性,比较两种信息结构下契约的不同特征,讨论了零售商风险规避程度对契约参数和销售努力水平的影响。研究表明:当风险规避度在一定范围内时,供应商设计合理的商业信用契约能有效激励零售商报告其真实销售成本并激励其付出足够的努力。最后通过数值算例验证了理论模型,并进一步比较了私有信息、风险规避程度与供应链成员及系统收益的关系。

     

    Abstract: Trade credit, as an effective tool for integrating and coordinating material, information, and financial flows in supply chain management, is becoming increasingly widespread. We explore how a manufacturer can design optimal trade credit contracts when a risk-averse retailer hides its sales cost information (adverse selection) and selling effort level (moral hazard). We develop incentive models for a risk-averse supply chain when adverse selection and moral hazard coexist, which are then compared with the results under single information asymmetry (moral hazard). Moreover, we analyze the effects of private information and risk-aversion coefficient on contract parameters, selling effort level and the profit or utility of the supply chain. The study shows that when the degree of retailer’s risk aversion is within a certain range, reasonable trade credit contracts designed by the manufacturer can effectively induce the retailer to report its real sales cost and encourage it to exert appropriate effort. Furthermore, we find that the optimal trade credit period, optimal transfer payment, and retailer’s optimal sales effort level under dual information asymmetry are less than under single information asymmetry. Numerical analysis are conducted to demonstrate the effects of the parameters on decisions and profits.

     

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