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活动星系核XMM-NuSTAR光谱的联合分析

On joint analysing XMM-NuSTAR spectra of active galactic nuclei

  • 摘要: XMM-Newton望远镜近期发布的技术说明指出NuSTAR望远镜与XMM-Newton EPIC设备之间存在一显著的校准问题,并提供了一种对EPIC有效面积的经验性改正方法。为了定量刻画这种校准问题给联合分析XMM-NuSTAR光谱带来的偏差并确认相应改正方法的有效性,在本工作中我们针对包含44个X射线明亮的活动星系核的104次观测对开展了NuSTARXMM EPIC-pn光谱的联合拟合。所抽取的XMM-NuSTAR光谱具有绝对的同时性(通过合并两个设备的GTI文件),以避免活动星系核快速光谱光变带来的影响。在改正之前,EPIC-pn的光谱比相应的NuSTAR光谱系统性的硬(∆Γ ~ 0.1),因此在联合拟合时导致了显著被低估的截断能量Ecut及反射成分强度R。我们确认了经验性改正非常有效,很好地消除了ΓEcutR的最佳拟合值的偏差。因此,我们呼吁社群在联合拟合XMM-NuSTAR光谱时应用此改正;不过需要注意此改正仅对3–12 keV的数据有效,因此在使用软X射线波段数据时不适用。此外,我们展示了由于匹配两个设备的GTI会导致NuSTAR净曝光时间的严重损失,联合拟合相对于只利用NuSTAR数据在许多情况下并没有优势。最后,我们提供了一个过滤XMM-Newton EPIC-pn小窗模式下高背景时间段的技术说明。

     

    Abstract: A recently released XMM-Newton note revealed a significant calibration issue between nuclear spectroscopic telescope array (NuSTAR) and XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) and provided an empirical correction to the EPIC effective area. To quantify the bias caused by the calibration issue in the joint analysis of XMM-NuSTAR spectra and verify the effectiveness of the correction, in this work, we perform joint-fitting of the NuSTAR and EPIC-pn spectra for a large sample of 104 observation pairs of 44 X-ray bright active galactic nuclei (AGN). The spectra were extracted after requiring perfect simultaneity between the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR exposures (merging good time intervals (GTIs) from two missions) to avoid bias due to the rapid spectral variability of the AGN. Before the correction, the EPIC-pn spectra are systematically harder than the corresponding NuSTAR spectra by \Delta \varGamma \sim 0.1 , subsequently yielding significantly underestimated cutoff energy Ecut and the strength of reflection component R when performing joint-fitting. We confirm that the correction is highly effective and can commendably erase the discrepancy in best-fit Γ, Ecut, and R. We thus urge the community to apply the correction when joint-fitting XMM-NuSTAR spectra, but note that the correction is limited to 3–12 keV and therefore not applicable when the soft X-ray band data are included. Besides, we show that as merging GTIs from two missions would cause severe loss of NuSTAR net exposure time, in many cases, joint-fitting yields no advantage compared with utilizing NuSTAR data alone. Finally, We present a technical note on filtering periods of high background flares for XMM-Newton EPIC-pn exposures in the small window (SW) mode.

     

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